Implementation of Energy-Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks on TelosB Mote

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are formed by hundreds of sensor nodes that are distributed autonomously within the sensing area.  It also incorporates with a gateway that provides wireless connection to communicate among nodes and pass data to one and another.  There are various applications using WSNs such as wildlife monitoring, environmental monitoring and smart space.  The limitation of WSNs is that they are only dependable on power battery to ensure their lifetime as a sensing device. Thus, in order to prolong the network lifetime, various research has been done including the development of energy efficient routing protocols.  One of the earliest techniques is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH).  LEACH protocol uses randomization to select cluster head in order to have an evenly distributed energy among nodes.  This work provides an in depth knowledge of LEACH protocol and how it is implemented on TinyOS using a TelosB mote.  By implementing a conventional protocol which is Direct Transmission (DT) along with LEACH protocol in nodes, a significant impact on energy dissipation of protocols can be examined. In the findings, LEACH protocol energy usage in transmitting data can be evenly minimized thus lifetime of nodes can be longer.  The result shows LEACH saves up to 30% of energy saving than using DT protocol.