State of the Art in Research on Optimum Design, Reliability and Control of Renewable Energy Microgrids
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v17n3.84Abstract
This paper has presented a comprehensive review in the area of microgrid from the design to implementation. The aim is to evaluate the current status, problems and research efforts toward realising functional microgrids in the power system. The expectations about microgrid are many; therefore the study is divided into three main sections. Recent advancements in the wind energy, solar energy and their future prediction are summarised. States of arts in optimum design of renewable energy microgrid are also investigated. In addition, critical literature review in the reliability analysis of microgrids consisting of renewable energy sources is also reported. Control of microgrids consisting renewable energy sources have been presented. Some examples of existing microgrids across the globe are critically reviewed. The work therefore recommends that energy planners and all stakeholders should consider environmental and regional difference in microgrids planning. Finally, future research areas and directions in these areas are highlighted.References
R. Ullah, R Akikur, and K. Saidur, "Comparative study of stand-alone and hybrid solar energy systems suitable for off-grid electrification: A review," Elsevier, no. 27, pp. 783-752, 2013.
Lu Zhang, G. Barakat, and A. Yassine, "Design and optimal sizing of hybrid PV/wind/diesel system with battery storage by using DIRECT search algorithm," in 15th International, Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC), 2012 , Novi Sad, Serbia, 2012.
R Kilisek, "Global wind and solar installations exceeded ‘expert‘ growth predictions," http://breakingenergy.com/, 2015.
G. R. Timilsina, L. kurdgelashvili, and P. A. Narbel, "Review of solar energy merkets, economics and policies," 2011.
O. Schafmer and M. Schmela, "Global market outlook for solar power 2016 - 2020," 2016.
S Sawyer and K. Rave, "Global wind report annual market update," Global Wind Energy Council, 2016.
B Kroposki et al., "look at microgrid technologies and testing projects from around the world," IEEE Power Energy Magazine, pp. 40-53, 2008.
F. Katiraei, C. Abbey, S. Tang, and M. Gauthier, "Planned islanding on rural feeders–utility perspective," in PES general meeting (Panel on Microgrids), 2008, pp. 1–6.
S. Krishnamurthy, TM. Jahns, and R.H. Lasseter, "The operation of diesel gensets in a CERTS microgrid," in IEEE PES general meeting—conversion and delivery of electrical energy in the 21st century, 2008, pp. 1-8.
N.W.A. Lidula and A.D Rajapakse, "Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 186–202, 2011.
I Mitra, T Degner, and M. Braun, "Distributed generation and microgrids for small island electrification in developing countries: a review," SESI Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 6-20, 2008.
M. Barnes et al., "Microgrid laboratory facilities," in IEEE Future Power Systems, International Conference on, Amsterdam, 2005, pp. 1-6.
I Araki, M. Tatsunokuchi, H. Nakahara, and T. Tomita, "Bifacial PV system in Aichi Airport-site demonstrative research plant for new energy power generation.," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 93, no. (6–7), pp. 911-916, 2009.
S. Morozumi, H. Nakama, and N. Inoue, "Demonstration projects for grid-connection issues in Japan," Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik, vol. 125, no. 12, pp. 426–31, 2008.
H. Hatta and H. Kobayashi, "A study of centralized voltage control method for distribution system with distributed generation.," in 19th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Vienna, 2007, pp. 1-4.
N. Keeyoung et al., "Establishment of a pilot plant for KERI microgrid system based on power IT development program in Korea," in Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific, Seoul, South Korea, 2009.
World Energy Council, "World energy scenarios composing energy futures to 2050," London, 2013.
A. Zervos, "Renewables 2015 global status report," Paris, 2015.
S. Webb, "Renewable energy in the Asian Pacific," New Zealand, 2014.
A. Miketa et al., "Africa 2030: Roadmap for a renewable energy future," Abu Dhabi. , 2015.
H Cai, Enhancement of power system dynamic stability using electric vehicles and distributed generation. Belfast: PhD thesis submitted to the Queens University Belfast., 2013.
J Li, W Wei, and J. Xiang, "A simple sizing algorithm for stand-alone PV/Wind/Battery hybrid microgrids," Energies, vol. 5, pp. 5307-5323, 2012.
M.A. Hassan and M.A. Abido, "Optimal design of autonomous microgrid using particle swarm optimization," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 3 , pp. 755- 769 , 2012.
T.S. Ustun and Aladin, Z. Ozonsoy, "Recent developments in microgrid and example cases around the world—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 4030-4041, 2011.
F. Riahy and G. H. Jahanbani, "Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy system," Renewable Energy Trend and application, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 231-250, 2013.
S. Chowdhury, S.P. Chowdhury, and P. Crossley, Microgrid and active distribution networks. London, United Kingdom: IET, 2009.
Bo Zhao, Xuesong Zhang, Jian Chen, Caisheng Wang, and Li Guo, "Operation optimization of standalone microgrids considering lifetime characteristics of battery energy storage system," , IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 934- 943, 2013.
Lu Zhang, G. Barakat, and A. Yassine, "Design and optimal sizing of hybrid PV/wind/diesel system with battery storage by using DIRECT search algorithm," in Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC), Novi Sad, 2012.
Lingfeng Wang and C. Singh, "PSO-based hybrid generating system design incorporating reliability evaluation and generation/load forecasting," in Power Tech, 2007 IEEE, Lausanne, 2007.
F. Jahanbani and G. H. Riahy, "Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy system," Renewable Energy Trend and application, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 231-250, 2013.
M.H. Nehrir, G. Venkataramanan and V. Gerez W.D. Kellogg, ", “ Generation unit sizing and cost analysis for stand-alone wind, photovoltaic, and hybrid/pv systems," â€,IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 70-75, March 1998.
Lingfeng Wang and C. Singh, "Compromise between cost and reliability in optimum design of an autonomous hybrid power system using mixed-integer PSO algorithm," in International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, 2007. ICCEP '07., Capri, 2007.
K. Tanaka and K. Maeda, "Simulation-based design of microgrid system for a resort community," in International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), 2011, Ischia.
A Abdulkarim, S.M. Abdelkader, and D.J. Morrow, "Model for optimum design of standalone hybrid renewable energy microgrids," Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1074-1101, 2017.
G. Halasa and J.A. Asumadu, "Wind-solar hybrid electrical power production to support national grid: Case study - Jordan," in IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009. IPEMC '09. , Wuhan, 2009.
A. Mohamed and T. Khatib, "Optimal Sizing of a pv/wind/diesel hybrid energy system for Malaysia," in IEEE International Conference onIndustrial Technology (ICIT), 2013 , Cape Town, 2013.
S. Hanini, B. Abbad, N. K. Merzouk and M. Abbas M. Laidi, "Study of a solar PV-wind-battery hybrid power system for a remotely located region in the southern Algerian sahara: case of refrigeration," Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-38, 2012.
M. Meiqin, J. Meihong, D. Wei, and L. Chang, "Multi-objective economic dispatch model for a microgrid considering reliability," in 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2010 , Hefei, China, 2010.
R.K. Akikur R. Saidur and K.R. Ullah, "Comparative study of stand-alone and hybrid solar energy systems suitable for off-grid electrification: A review," Elsevier, no. 27, pp. 738-752, November, 2013.
S.N. Bhaskara and B.H. Chowdhury, "Microgrids — A review of modeling, control, protection, simulation and future potential," 2012.
A. Abdulkarim et al., "Effects of PV and battery storage technologies on the optimal sizing of renewable energy microgrid," ELEKTRICA Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2018.
L. Xu and S. Islam, "Wind-diesel-battery hybrid generation system reliability analysis on site and size fctors," in 4th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dhaka, 2006.
F.A. Bhuiyan and A. Yazdani, "Reliability assessment of a wind-power system with integrated energy storage," Renewable Power Generation, IET, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 211 - 220, 2010.
X. Liu and S. Islam, "Reliability evaluation of a wind-diesel hybrid power system with battery bank using discrete wind speed frame analysis," in Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, PMAPS. International Conference on, Stockholm, 2006.
L. Xu, S Islam, A.A. Chowdhury, and D.O. Koval, "Reliability evaluation of a wind-diesel-battery hybrid power system," in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, ICPS. IEEE/IAS, Clearwater Beach, FL, 2008.
W. Liang, P. Jeongje, C. Jaeseok, and A.A El-Keib, "Probabilistic reliability evaluation of power systems including wind turbine generators considering wind speed correlation," Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 485-491, 2009.
C. Jaeseok, P. Jeongje, C. Kyeonghee, O. Taegon, and M. Shahidehpour, "Probabilistic reliability evaluation of composite power systems including wind turbine generators," in Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), IEEE 11th International Conference on, Singapore, 2010.
Kyeonghee Cho et al., "Probabilistic reliability evaluation of composite power systems including wind turbine generators," Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 274-280, 2011.
J. Park et al., "Relibaility evaluation of interconnected power systems including wind turbine generator," International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 5797-5808, 2012.
Z.Y. Gao and Peng Wang, "Reliability evaluation of power systems with WTGs and energy storage," in IPEC, Conference Proceedings, Singapore, 2010.
P Jeongje et al., "A probabilistic reliability evaluation of a power system including solar/photovoltaic cell generator," in Power & Energy Society General Meeting,. PES '09. IEEE, Calgary, AB, 2009.
C.I Jaeseok, P. Jeongje, M. Shahidehpour, and R Billinton, "Assessment of CO2 reduction by renewable energy generators," in Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), Gaithersburg, MD, 2010.
Jeongje Park, Kyeonghee Cho, Taegon Oh, Jaeseok Choi, and A.A. El-Keib, "Evaluation of economic impacts of wind turbine and solar cell generators on power system considering CO2 emission," in Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), IEEE 11th International Conference , Singapore, 2010.
M. Aien, A. Biglari, and M. Rashidinejad, "Probabilistic reliability evaluation of hybrid wind-photovoltaic power systems," in Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 21st Iranian Conference on, Mashhad, 2013.
A. Ghaedi, A. Abbaspour, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Moeini-Aghtaie, and M. Othman, "Reliability evaluation of a composite power system containing wind and solar generation," in Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), IEEE 7th International, Langkawi, 2013.
B. Kekezoglu et al., "Reliability analysis of hybrid energy systems: case study of Davutpasa campus," in EUROCON, IEEE, Zagreb, 2013.
Z. Liu, W.L. Liu1, G. SU, H. Yang, and G. Hu, "Wind-solar micro grid reliability evaluation based on sequential Monte Carlo," in Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), International Conference on, Beijing, China, 2016, pp. 1-6.
O. A. Ansari, N Safari, and C.Y. Chang, "Reliability assessment of microgrid with renewable generation and prioritized loads," in IEEE Green Energy and Systems Conference (IGSEC), 2016, pp. 1-6.
M.M. Ghahderijani, S.M. Barakati, and S. Tavakoli, "Reliability evaluation of stand-alone hybrid microgrid using sequential Monte Carlo simulation," in Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation (ICREDG), Second Iranian Conference on, Tehran, 2012.
Angel A. R., K.S. Tapan, and M. Mehdi, "Reliability evaluation with wind turbines and photovoltaic panels," in IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition - Latin America (PES T&D-LA), Medellin, Colombia, 2014, pp. 1-5.
M.M. Ghahderijani, S.M. Barakati, and S. Tavakoli, "Reliability evaluation of stand-alone hybrid microgrid using sequential Monte Carlo simulation," in Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation (ICREDG), Second Iranian Conference on, Tehran, 2012.
M. M Ghahderijani, S. M. Barakati, and A. Jamshidi, "Application of stochastic simulation method in reliability assessment of a PV-wind-diesel-SOFC hybrid microgrid," IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 586-589, 2012.
R. Karki and R. Billinton, "Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilization in small isolated power systems," Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on , vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 368-373, 2001.
L.N. Kishore and E. Fernandez, "Reliability well-being assessment of PV-wind hybrid system using Monte Carlo simulation," in Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology (ICETECT), International Conference on, Tamil Nadu, 2011.
A.A. Alkuhayli, S. Raghavan, and B.H. Chowdhury, "Reliability evaluation of distribution systems containing renewable distributed generations," in North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Champaign, IL, 2012.
A. Abdulkarim et al., "Effect of weather and the hybrid energy storage on the availability of standalone microgrids," International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 189-198, 2016.
L. Gengfeng, Zhaohong B., Bowen H., and Xifan W., "Reliability evaluation of distribution systems including micro-grids considering demand response and energy storage," in 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), London, UK, 2012, pp. 1-6.
X. Xu, J. Mitra, T. Wang, and L. Mu, "Evaluation of operational reliability of a microgrid using a short-term outage model," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, pp. 1-10, 2014.
Huang Wei, He Zijun, Feng Li, Tian Hongliang, and Zhang Li, "Reliability evaluation of microgrid with PV-wind hybrid system," in Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT), 4th International Conference on, Weihai, Shandong, 2011.
M. Theristis and I.A. Papazoglou, "Markovian reliability analysis of standalone photovoltaic systems incorporating repairs," Photovoltaics, IEEE Journal of, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 414-422, 2014.
S. Kennedy, "Reliability evaluation of islanded microgrids with stochastic distributed generation," in Power & Energy Society General Meeting. PES '09. IEEE, Calgary, AB, 2009.
I. Bae and Jin-O Kim, "Reliability evaluation of customers in a microgrid," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1416- 1422, 2008.
Z. Ping et al., "Reliability evaluation of grid-connected micro-grid considering demand response," in Published in: Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), International Conference on, Beijing, China, 2016, pp. 1-5.
W. Chengming, Jie L., and Yabin W., "The impacts of microgrid on the reliability of distribution system," in 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), Yichang, China, 2012, pp. 1423-1426.
W. Chengming, Jie L., and W. Yabin, "An effective capacity for generation reliability evaluation of renewable power plant," in IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), Yichang, 2014, pp. 418-422.
N. Nima and N. Sajad, "Reliability evaluation in multi-microgrids under probabilistic optimum operation using heuristic algorithm," in Smart Grid Conference (SGC 2015), Tehran, 2015, pp. 92-98.
L Xu and D. Chen, "Control and operation of a DC microgrid with variable generation and energy storage," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2513- 2522, 2011.
D. Chen and L. Xu, "Autonomous DC voltage control of a DC microgrid with multiple slack terminals," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1897- 1905, 2012.
L. Arnedo and V. Blasko, and S. Park S. Dwari, "80 kW hybrid solar inverter for standalone and grid connected applications," in Twenty-Seventh Annual IEEE on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2012 , Orlando, FL, 2012.
H. Mahmood, D. Michaelson, and Jin Jiang, "Control strategy for a standalone PV/battery hybrid system," in Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2012 - 38th, Montreal, QC, 2012.
X. Xiong, C.K. Tse, and X. Ruan, "Bifurcation analysis of standalone photovoltaic battery hybrid power system," , IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1354- 1365, 2013.
and K. Duraiswamy K. Jaiganesh, "Dump power control techniques for standalone hybrid wind/solar power generation control," in International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology (INCOSET), 2012, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India, 2012.
M. Abdel-Salam et al., "Steady-state modeling and control of a microgrid supplying irrigation load in Toshka Area," in Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2012 - 38th , Montreal, QC, 2012.
M. Negnevitsky, M.E. Haque and A. Gargoom. A.M.OHaruni, "A novel operation and control strategy for a standalone hybrid renewable power system," Sustainable Energy, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 402- 413, 2013.
T. Hirose and H. Matsuo, "Standalone hybrid wind-solar power generation system applying dump power control without dump load," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 988- 997, 2012.
S.P. Chowdhury and P. Crossley S. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury, S.Microgrid and active distribution networks. London, United Kingdom: IET, 2009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Elektrika belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
